{"id":9899,"date":"2023-08-07T02:14:09","date_gmt":"2023-08-07T02:14:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/china-maching.com\/?p=9899"},"modified":"2023-08-29T01:57:45","modified_gmt":"2023-08-29T01:57:45","slug":"understanding-nickel-based-superalloys-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/china-maching.com\/el\/\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7-\u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1-\u03bc\u03b5-\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7-\u03c4\u03bf-\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 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\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1<\/h3>\n<div class=\"internal-linking-related-contents-pro\"><a href=\"https:\/\/china-maching.com\/el\/%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF-2024-%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B1-%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B1-%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B9-%CE%BD%CE%B1-%CE%B3%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B6%CE%B5%CF%84\/\" class=\"template-9\"><img width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/6.png\" class=\"alignleft wp-post-image\" alt=\"\u0391\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf 2024: \u038c\u03bb\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\" srcset=\"https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/6.png 512w, https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/6-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/6-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/6-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\"><div class=\"postTitle\"><span><strong>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1<\/strong>\u0391\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf 2024: \u038c\u03bb\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><p>\u0391\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 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href=\"https:\/\/china-maching.com\/el\/%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%82-%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD-%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85-7075-%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C-6061-%CE%BA\/\" class=\"template-9\"><img width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/2-1.png\" class=\"alignleft wp-post-image\" alt=\"\u0391\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf 7075: \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 6061\" srcset=\"https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/2-1.png 512w, https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/2-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/2-1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/2-1-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\"><div 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\u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9904\" src=\"https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/640px-Alloy_and_metal_samples_-_Beryllium-Copper_Inconel_Steel_Titanium_Aluminum_Magnesium.jpg\" alt=\"640 px-Alloy_and_metal_samples_-_Beryllium-Copper,_Inconel,_Steel,_Titanium,_Aluminium,_Magnesium\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/640px-Alloy_and_metal_samples_-_Beryllium-Copper_Inconel_Steel_Titanium_Aluminum_Magnesium.jpg 640w, https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/640px-Alloy_and_metal_samples_-_Beryllium-Copper_Inconel_Steel_Titanium_Aluminum_Magnesium-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/640px-Alloy_and_metal_samples_-_Beryllium-Copper_Inconel_Steel_Titanium_Aluminum_Magnesium-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/640px-Alloy_and_metal_samples_-_Beryllium-Copper_Inconel_Steel_Titanium_Aluminum_Magnesium-250x188.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\"><\/p>\n<h3>\u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2:<\/h3>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 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\u0394\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3>\u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5:<\/h3>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (ODS) \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 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\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 ODS \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b2\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<h3>\u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 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alt=\"LR,_\u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2_\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2_\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9_-_Inconel_\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf-\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2;_\u03b2\u03b7\u03c1\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf-\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2_(\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2_\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1_\u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd);_\u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c2;_\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf;_\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf;_\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/L-R_front_to_back_-_Inconel_nickel-copper_Beryllium-copper_no-spark_tools_steel_magnesium_aluminum_titanium.jpg 640w, https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/L-R_front_to_back_-_Inconel_nickel-copper_Beryllium-copper_no-spark_tools_steel_magnesium_aluminum_titanium-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/L-R_front_to_back_-_Inconel_nickel-copper_Beryllium-copper_no-spark_tools_steel_magnesium_aluminum_titanium-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/L-R_front_to_back_-_Inconel_nickel-copper_Beryllium-copper_no-spark_tools_steel_magnesium_aluminum_titanium-250x188.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\"><\/p>\n<h3>\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7:<\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 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https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Hot-Tearing-of-Nickel-based-Superalloys-During-Directional-Solidification-300x235.jpg 300w, https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Hot-Tearing-of-Nickel-based-Superalloys-During-Directional-Solidification-15x12.jpg 15w, https:\/\/china-maching.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Hot-Tearing-of-Nickel-based-Superalloys-During-Directional-Solidification-250x196.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\"><\/p>\n<h3>\u0395: \u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf;<\/h3>\n<p>\u0391: \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 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\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0395: \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf;<\/h3>\n<p>\u0391: \u0397 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0395: \u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1;<\/h3>\n<p>\u0391: \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 (ODS) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03ba\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 ODS \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0395: \u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd;<\/h3>\n<p>\u0391: \u03a4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0395: \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf;<\/h3>\n<p>\u0391: \u039f\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0395: \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf;<\/h3>\n<p>\u0391: \u0397 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0395: \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf;<\/h3>\n<p>\u0391: \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b2\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c0\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0395: \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1;<\/h3>\n<p>\u0391: \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03b6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0395: \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf;<\/h3>\n<p>\u0391: \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b1\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b2\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0395: \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7;<\/h3>\n<p>\u0391: \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf \u03ae \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What are superalloys and their composition? Discover the Power of Superalloys Superalloys are truly remarkable alloys designed to withstand extreme temperatures and stressful conditions. With exceptional mechanical properties, high-temperature strength, and top-notch corrosion resistance, these materials are perfect for high-performance applications like turbine engines, nuclear reactors, and petrochemical plants. Unleashing the Strength of Nickel-based Superalloys [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9901,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9899","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cnc-machining-materials"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.8 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Understanding Nickel Based Superalloys - ETCN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how these high-performance materials can revolutionize your industry. 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